I'm no expert on modern diesels, or any diesels, come to think of it - but my understanding of adblue is that it's injected after the engine, into the exhaust, to clean up emissions. I also understand that there's a sensor in the tank to tell the ECU when the tank's empty, and the car will not start at that point.
So, based on both of the above facts (if, indeed, they are facts), it's hard to see how one could do any serious damage to an engine by not having any. I'd go as far as to say it's hard to see how any damage
whatsoever could occur if the statements above are correct?
Hoping for enlightenment!